IV. Das Judentum
Literatur: Diebner, Bernd J./ Hermann Schult: Thesen zu nach-exilischen Entwürfen der frühen Geschichte Israels im Alten Testament, in: DBAT 10 (1975) 41-47, wieder abgedruckt in DBAT 28 (1992/93) 41-46. – Lemche, Niels Peter: The Old Testament – A Hellenistic Book, in: SJOT 7/2 (1993) 163-193. – Neumann, Johannes: Der historische David. Legende und Wirklichkeit in der Geschichte Israels und Judas von der Frühzeit bis zur Dynastie Omri, Radebeul 1997. – ders.: Historischer Jesus und Altes Testament. Hellenistische Quelle der jüdischen Bibel, Radebeul 2000. – ders.: Latein in der Genesis, Das Alte Testament – Jüdische Literatur aus der Zeit des Herodes und seiner Nachfolger?, in: ders.: War Jesus Statthalter von Galiläa?, Radebeul 2009, S. 95-124. – Zuber, Beat: Die “Geschichts”-Traditionen der alttestamentlichen Königszeit – z. B. als literarischer Niederschlag einer historischen Auseinandersetzung mit der Herodes-Dynastie zu lesen?, in: Landgabe, FS Jan Heller, Prag 1995, 133-172.
4.0.1.
Die traditionelle Erzählung über die Entstehung des alttestamentlichen Judentums lehnte sich eng an die biblische Erzählung vom Auszug
aus Ägypten, vom Großreich Davids, von den jüdischen Kleinstaaten, den Propheten, vom babylonischen Exil und der Rückkehr unter Kyros an.
Da die Archäologie von diesen Erzählungen nur sehr wenig bestätigen konnte, wurden nach und nach Positionen geräumt und die Entstehung des Alten Testaments auf immer spätere Zeit verschoben.
An der vorhellenistischen Entstehung der alttestamentlichen Schriften wollen die Vertreter der traditionellen Erzählung aber festhalten.
4.0.2.
Ich vertrete folgende Meinung über die Entstehung des alttestamentlichen Judentums:
Das alttestamentliche Judentum entstand im 1. Jahrhundert n. Chr. zwischen der Regierungszeit des Fürsten Antipas und dem Abschluss der alttestamentlichen Schriften nach dem Ende des jüdischen Aufstands 70 n. Chr.
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